Welcome to IthaMaps
IthaMaps is a global epidemiology database of heamoglobinopathies, illustrating published data on a dynamic global to regional map. Country-specific information on haemoglobinopathy-related policies, prevalence, incidence and overall disease burden is given, including relative allele frequencies of specific globin mutations in each country and/or region, dynamically linked to corresponding IthaGenes entries.
IthaMaps content was supported by partnership with the HVP Global Globin 2020 Challenge
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Prenatal screening by country
| Country | Continent | Policy | Comments | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Continent | Policy | Comments | PMID |
| United Arab Emirates | Asia | No | [11773575] | |
| Afghanistan | Asia | No | Prenatal tests are inaccessible and unaffordable. | [34130618] |
| Albania | Europe | No | [19556751] | |
| Argentina | South America | No | [22528519] | |
| Australia | Oceania | Yes (National) | [27040959] | |
| Azerbaijan | Asia | Yes (National) | PND (by CVS or amniocentesis) is included in the National Thalassaemia Prevention Programme implemented in 2015 Source: 14th International Conference on Thalassaemia & Haemoglobinopathies & 16th TIF International Conference for Patients & Parents Abstract book | |
| Bangladesh | Asia | Yes (National) | At least three centres provide PND services. Practice of PND is low due to lack of knowledge of PND, lack of resources and the fact that it is not offered free of charge. | [34271949] |
| Belgium | Europe | No | Available for haemoglobinopathies, although not systematically performed. | [10321364] |
| Bulgaria | Europe | No | ||
| Bahrain | Asia | Yes (National) | Service is available for β-thalassaemia. | [11773575] |
| Brunei | Asia | No | ||
| Bonaire | North America | No | [33751485] | |
| Canada | North America | Yes (Regional) | Offered on a targeted, ad hoc basis. | [19038079] |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Africa | No | ||
| Switzerland | Europe | No | Pilot study in Basel since 2015. Non-invasive prenatal screening is available. | [32699163] |
| Cameroon | Africa | Yes (National) | Since Aug. 2007. Service offered in Yaoundé with outreach consultations. | [21473937] |
| China | Asia | Yes (National) | PND for β-thalassaemia since 1987. From: Thalassaemia Reports 2012, TIF Pan-Asian Conference. | |
| Colombia | South America | No | ||
| Cuba | North America | Yes (National) | For the diagnosis of SCD genotypes in the fetus. | [32335567] |
| Curacao | North America | No | [33751485] | |
| Cyprus | Europe | Yes (National) | Since 1973. | [11773575] |
| Germany | Europe | No | Non-invasive prenatal screening is available. | |
| Denmark | Europe | Yes (National) | ||
| Algeria | Africa | No | From: 2nd MEGMA Conference Proceedings. | |
| Egypt | Africa | No | Available on demand. Offered for at-risk pregnancies on request in certain centers. | [29751732] |
| Spain | Europe | No | ||
| France | Europe | No | ||
| United Kingdom | Europe | Yes (National) | Available in National Health Service. | [22742984] |
| Ghana | Africa | No | [30171429] | |
| Guadeloupe | North America | Yes (National) | As part of a comprehensive management programme implemented in 1990. | [24144845] |
| Greece | Europe | Yes (National) | Couples at risk are offered prenatal testing around the 12th week of gestation, followed by genetic counselling. Available since 1977. Voluntary. | [30501529] |
| Hong Kong | Asia | Yes (National) | [27040959] | |
| Indonesia | Asia | Yes (Regional) | Voluntary. PND for high-risk couples is rarely performed. | [27040959] |
| Israel | Asia | Yes (National) | [24921462] | |
| India | Asia | Yes (Regional) | [29751732] | |
| Iraq | Asia | Yes (Regional) | E.g.: Sulaymaniyah, Northeastern Iraq | [24144846] |
| Iran | Asia | Yes (National) | Since 2003. | [24669933] |
| Italy | Europe | Yes (National) | Voluntary. By Celocentesis, CVS and Amniocentesis | [11773575] |
| Jordan | Asia | Yes (National) | Available upon request as a self-pay service. | [11773575] |
| Cambodia | Asia | No | [27040959] | |
| Kuwait | Asia | No | ||
| Laos | Asia | No | [27040959] | |
| Lebanon | Asia | Yes (National) | PND since 2000; PGD since 2010. | [25030035] |
| Sri Lanka | Asia | Yes (Regional) | Available since 2005 in the capital city of Colombo. | [28397548] |
| Luxembourg | Europe | No | Prenatal diagnosis is available upon request, not routine service | [19591814] |
| Libya | Africa | No | From: 2nd MEGMA Conference Proceedings. | |
| Morocco | Africa | No | From: 2nd MEGMA Conference Proceedings. | |
| North Macedonia | Europe | Yes (National) | [24052742] | |
| Myanmar [Burma] | Asia | No | [27040959] | |
| Malta | Europe | No | ||
| Maldives | Asia | Yes (National) | [27040959] | |
| Mexico | North America | No | ||
| Malaysia | Asia | No | Prenatal screening of thalassaemia is very low although it can be conducted on request, and the cost is covered by the national health system if conducted in the government hospitals. | [32601117] |
| Nigeria | Africa | Yes (Regional) | Sickle Cell Foundation Nigeria. Service is available in a few health facilities but expensive. | |
| Netherlands | Europe | No | Offered on an ad hoc basis. Non-invasive prenatal screening is available. | [28980104] |
| Oman | Asia | No | [25677748] | |
| Philippines | Asia | No | ||
| Pakistan | Asia | Yes (Regional) | Available in a few urban cities. | [22258353] |
| Palestine | Asia | No | [11773575] | |
| Portugal | Europe | Yes (Regional) | ||
| Qatar | Asia | No | From: 2nd MEGMA Conference Proceedings. | |
| Serbia | Europe | Yes (National) | [15870487] | |
| Saudi Arabia | Asia | No | [11773575] | |
| Sudan | Africa | No | ||
| Sweden | Europe | No | [29751732] | |
| Singapore | Asia | Yes (National) | [27040959] | |
| Sint Maarten | North America | No | [33751485] | |
| Syria | Asia | Yes (National) | [25405916] | |
| Thailand | Asia | Yes (National) | [27040959] | |
| Tunisia | Africa | Yes (National) | From: 2nd MEGMA Conference Proceedings. | |
| Turkey | Asia | Yes (National) | [11773575] | |
| Taiwan | Asia | Yes (National) | [27891555] | |
| United States | North America | No | Offered on a targeted, ad hoc basis in the US Guidelines published by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology . | [23590658] |
| Vietnam | Asia | Yes (Regional) | It is offered at three hospitals [PMCID: PMC4563497] | |
| Yemen | Asia | No | [25003062] | |
| South Africa | Africa | Yes (Regional) | [24300645] |
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Important Note: The relative allele frequencies presented in IthaMaps are not calculated by ITHANET, but they are extracted from the corresponding publications. ITHANET is not responsible for any mistakes in the data. Please use this information with caution! We encourage scientists that have more detailed or updated epidemiological information to contact us.
Disclaimer: The information on this website is provided as an information resource only and must not to be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. The ITHANET Portal and IthaMaps are not responsible or liable for any advice, course of treatment, diagnosis or any other information, services or products that an individual obtains through this website.