IthaMaps

Welcome to IthaMaps

IthaMaps is a global epidemiology database of heamoglobinopathies, illustrating published data on a dynamic global to regional map. Country-specific information on haemoglobinopathy-related policies, prevalence, incidence and overall disease burden is given, including relative allele frequencies of specific globin mutations in each country and/or region, dynamically linked to corresponding IthaGenes entries.

IthaMaps content was supported by partnership with the HVP Global Globin 2020 Challenge

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General information for Lebanon

Lebanon

Continent:	Asia
Capital:	Beirut
Population:	4125247
Area (in sq km):	10400.0

Haemoglobinopathy-specific healthcare policy information for Lebanon

Healthcare policy		Comment/Info	Reference
Prevention programme:	Yes (National)	Premarital screening (diagnosis of couples); mandated by law in 1994.	[PMID: 25030035]
SCD newborn screening:	No
Prenatal screening:	No	Service available at the Chronic Care Center; PND based on CVS since 2000, PGD since 2010.	[PMID: 25030035]
Antenatal screening:	No
Haemoglobinopathies patient registry:	No
Rare disease patient registry:	No
Dedicated treatment centres:	No	The Chronic Care Center (CCC) is a multidisciplinary center also specialized in the treatment and prevention of thalassemia	[PMID: 25030035]
Blood transfusion availability:	Yes (National)	From: PGPR, Global Sickle Cell Disease Network.
Iron chelation availability:	Yes (National)
MRI facilities:	Yes (National)	From: PGPR, Global Sickle Cell Disease Network.
Patient associations:	No
Genetic counselling:	Yes (National)		[PMID: 34433959]

Prevalence and incidence of major haemoglobinopathies in Lebanon

Haemoglobinopathy		Comment/Info
Prevalence of β-thalassaemia carriers:	2 % of the population
Prevalence of sickle cell disease carriers:	0.5 % of the population	among 184,105 individuals tested during 2002-2014.
Prevalence of α-thalassaemia carriers:	8 % of the population	among 230 individuals tested in 2015
Known β-thalassaemia patients:	1000 patients	640 major and 360 intermedia β-thal. (during 2020-2024)
Known sickle cell disease patients:	775 patients	530 HbS/HbS, 229 HbS/β-thal., 6 HbS/HbC, 10 HbS/HbD (during 2020-2024)

Global Burden of Disease data for Lebanon

Migration data for Lebanon

Mutation frequencies in Lebanon

Overview (most frequent mutations with their observed average values and range)

β-locus

IVS I-110 G>A: 33.49 % (11.9 % – 51.4 %)	IVS I-1 G>A: 14.88 % (4.9 % – 24.6 %)
IVS I-6 (T>C): 13.32 % (5.5 % – 21.1 %)	CD 29 (C>T) or IVS I (-3) GGC>GGT (Gly>Gly): 10.88 % (3.6 % – 32.2 %)

Detailed mutation frequencies

Entry ID	Locus	Region	Ethnic Group	Population Type	Sample Size	Study period (from)	Study period (to)	Reference	Comments
23674	β-locus	Country-wide	Lebanese	Carriers	110		1997	9358011	Frequencies are shown for beta-globin gene mutations. Mutations CD 39 C>T, CD 8/9 (+G), CD 30 G>A, IVS I-116 T>G, CD 6 (-A), CD 41/42 (-CTTT), -101 C>T, and 44-bp deletion (from cd 24 to IVS1-26) were not detected in this sample.
23675	β-locus	Country-wide	Lebanese	Carriers and Patients	277		2000	11186256	Frequencies are shown for beta-globin gene mutations and were reported both in carriers (16.2%) and patients (83.8%).
23676	β-locus	Country-wide	Multi-Ethnic	Carriers and Patients	250	2012	2018	33947296	Frequencies are shown for beta-globin gene mutations and were reported both in carriers (36%) and patients (64%). Study subjects were recruited at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), Beirut, and were ethnic Lebanese (74%), Iraqi (15%) and Syrian (11%).
23677	β-locus	Country-wide	Lebanese	Carriers and Patients	520		2005	15638828	Frequencies are shown for beta-globin gene mutations and were reported both in carriers (40.5%) and patients (59.5%). Study subjects were recruited at the Chronic Care Center in Lebanon from across five geographic regions (Bekaa, South Lebanon, Beirut, North Lebanon and Mount Lebanon).
23678	β-locus	Bekaa	Lebanese	Carriers and Patients	118		2005	15638828	Frequencies are shown for beta-globin gene mutations. The study sample was acquired from the Chronic Care Center in Lebanon.
23679	β-locus	South Lebanon	Lebanese	Carriers and Patients	144		2005	15638828	Frequencies are shown for beta-globin gene mutations from patients residing in the South Lebanon and An Nabatiyah regions. Study samples were acquired from the Chronic Care Center in Lebanon.
23680	β-locus	Beirut	Lebanese	Carriers and Patients	68		2005	15638828	Frequencies are shown for beta-globin gene mutations. The study sample was acquired from the Chronic Care Center in Lebanon.
23681	β-locus	North Lebanon	Lebanese	Carriers and Patients	114		2005	15638828	Frequencies are shown for beta-globin gene mutations. The study sample was acquired from the Chronic Care Center in Lebanon.
23682	β-locus	Mount Lebanon	Lebanese	Carriers and Patients	76		2005	15638828	Frequencies are shown for beta-globin gene mutations. The study sample was acquired from the Chronic Care Center in Lebanon.

Organisations in Lebanon

A list of all organisations in Lebanon stored in the ITHANET database is shown below. For more information, click on the corresponding organisation name or visit the detailed ITHANET Organisations page

Name	Department	Organisation type
American University of Beirut (AUB)	Faculty of Medicine	Research Center, Medical Center, Higher Education
Chronic Care Center		Medical Center

Microattributions

A/A	Contributor(s)	Date	Comments
1	Abboud, Miguel	2024-11-06	Information of healthcare policies and hemoglobinopathy status reviewed.

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Important Note: The relative allele frequencies presented in IthaMaps are not calculated by ITHANET, but they are extracted from the corresponding publications. ITHANET is not responsible for any mistakes in the data. Please use this information with caution! We encourage scientists that have more detailed or updated epidemiological information to contact us.

Disclaimer: The information on this website is provided as an information resource only and must not to be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. The ITHANET Portal and IthaMaps are not responsible or liable for any advice, course of treatment, diagnosis or any other information, services or products that an individual obtains through this website.

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Healthcare Policies

Health-policy	Select one Answer	Comment
Prevention programme
SCD newborn screening
Prenatal screening
Antenatal screening
Haemoglobinopathies patient registry
Rare disease patient registry
Dedicated treatment centres
Blood transfusion availability
Iron chelation availability
MRI facilities
Patient associations
Genetic counselling

Status of major Haemoglobinopathies

In Expected Incidence of β-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease please provide the number of expected affected births/year (without prevention).
In Incidence of β-thalassaemia and sickle cell disease please provide the number of affected births/year (after prevention).

Haemoglobinopathy	Provide value		Comment
Prevalence of β-thalassaemia carriers		% of the population
Prevalence of sickle cell disease carriers		% of the population
Prevalence of α-thalassaemia carriers		% of the population
Prevalence of Hb E carriers		% of the population
Prevalence of Hb C carriers		% of the population
Expected incidence of β-thalassaemia		expected affected births/year
Expected incidence of sickle cell disease		expected affected births/year
Expected incidence of α-thalassaemia		expected affected births/year
Incidence of β-thalassaemia		affected births/year
Incidence of sickle cell disease		affected births/year
Incidence of α-thalassaemia		affected births/year
Known β-thalassaemia patients		patients
Known sickle cell disease patients		patients

Mutation Frequencies

Please provide details about publications reporting mutation frequencies in the country of reference (either country-wide studies or region-specific studies).

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