IthaID: 3120

Context nucleotide sequence:
TGACCAGCTGTTCGTGTTCTATGAT [C/G] ATGAGAGTCGCCGTGTGGAGCCCCG (Strand: +)

Protein sequence:
MGPRARPALLLLMLLQTAVLQGRLLRSHSLHYLFMGASEQDLGLSLFEALGYVDDQLFVFYDDESRRVEPRTPWVSSRISSQMWLQLSQSLKGWDHMFTVDFWTIMENHNHSKESHTLQVILGCEMQEDNSTEGYWKYGYDGQDHLEFCPDTLDWRAAEPRAWPTKLEWERHKIRARQNRAYLERDCPAQLQQLLELGRGVLDQQVPPLVKVTHHVTSSVTTLRCRALNYYPQNITMKWLKDKQPMDAKEFEPKDVLPNGDGTYQGWITLAVPPGEEQRYTCQVEHPGLDQPLIVIWEPSPSGTLVIGVISGIAVFVVILFIGILFIILRKRQGSRGAMGHYVLAERE

Also known as:

Comments: The H63D mutation is implicated in hereditary hemochromatosis. Studies investigating the effect of H63D homozygosity or even heterozygosity on iron overload in patients with β-thalassaemia reported conflicting findings. Serum iron and transferrin saturation levels were significantly higher in β-thalassaemia carriers of southern Portugal origin heterozygous for the H63D polymorphism [PMID: 15538648]. Homozygosity for the H63D mutation associated with higher ferritin levels in β-thalassaemia patients or carriers from Egypt [PMID: 27335591] and Sardinia [PMID: 11869934], suggesting a modulating effect on iron load. No effect on cardiac iron overload but significant association with higher pulmonary vein atrial reversal flow velocity, which informs about diastolic dysfunction during cardiac follow-up, in Turkish β-thalassaemia major patients [PMID: 24087894]. Significantly higher serum ferritin levels in multi-transfused Iranian β-thalassaemia patients heterozygous for H63D [PMID: 31679808]. The presence of H63D does not cause increased serum ferritin levels in β-thalassaemia minor patients from Iran [PMID: 14703689], India [PMID: 27561698, 15777346], or the Balearic Islands [PMID: 22122796]. No significant difference in terms of ferritin levels or thalassaemia-related complications between β-thalassaemia major patients with or without this variant from Italy [PMID: 19734422, 9858237, 10477452], Iran [PMID: 31205627] and Tunisia [PMID: 17303462].

We follow the HGVS sequence variant nomenclature and IUPAC standards.

Heterozygous records (preview in IthaPhen)

1. Borgna-Pignatti C, Solinas A, Bombieri C, Micciolo R, Gamberini MR, De Stefano P, De Menis E, Pignatti PF, The haemochromatosis mutations do not modify the clinical picture of thalassaemia major in patients regularly transfused and chelated., Br. J. Haematol., 103(3), 813-6, 1998
2. Longo F, Zecchina G, Sbaiz L, Fischer R, Piga A, Camaschella C, The influence of hemochromatosis mutations on iron overload of thalassemia major., Haematologica, 84(9), 799-803, 1999
3. Melis MA, Cau M, Deidda F, Barella S, Cao A, Galanello R, H63D mutation in the HFE gene increases iron overload in beta-thalassemia carriers., Haematologica, 87(3), 242-5, 2002
4. Melis MA, Cau M, Congiu R, Ruvoletto L, Cao A, Galanello R, Frequency of hemochromatosis C282Y and H63D mutations in Sardinia., Genet. Test., 6(4), 327-9, 2002
5. Jazayeri M, Bakayev V, Adibi P, Haghighi Rad F, Zakeri H, Kalantar E, Zali MR, Frequency of HFE gene mutations in Iranian beta-thalassaemia minor patients., European journal of haematology, 71(6), 408-11, 2003
6. Martins R, Picanço I, Fonseca A, Ferreira L, Rodrigues O, Coelho M, Seixas T, Miranda A, Nunes B, Costa L, Romão L, Faustino P, The role of HFE mutations on iron metabolism in beta-thalassemia carriers., J. Hum. Genet., 49(12), 651-5, 2004
7. Garewal G, Das R, Ahluwalia J, Marwaha RK, Prevalence of the H63D mutation of the HFE in north India: its presence does not cause iron overload in beta thalassemia trait., Eur. J. Haematol., 74(4), 333-6, 2005
8. Mellouli F, El Borgi W, Kaabi H, Ben Hassen E, Sassi R, Hmida H, Cherif G, Maamar M, Zouari B, Boukef K, Bejaoui M, Hmida S, [HFE gene mutations in Tunisian major beta-Thalassemia and iron overload]., Transfus Clin Biol, 13(6), 353-7, 2006
9. Sharma V, Panigrahi I, Dutta P, Tyagi S, Choudhry VP, Saxena R, HFE mutation H63D predicts risk of iron over load in thalassemia intermedia irrespective of blood transfusions., Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 50(1), 82-5, 2007
10. Andreani M, Radio FC, Testi M, De Bernardo C, Troiano M, Majore S, Bertucci P, Polchi P, Rosati R, Grammatico P, Association of hepcidin promoter c.-582 A>G variant and iron overload in thalassemia major., Haematologica, 94(9), 1293-6, 2009
11. López-Escribano H, Ferragut JF, Parera MM, Guix P, Castro JA, Ramon MM, Picornell A, Effect of co-inheritance of β-thalassemia and hemochromatosis mutations on iron overload., Hemoglobin, 36(1), 85-92, 2012
12. Turedi A, Oymak Y, Meşe T, Yaman Y, Bayraktaroglu S, Alpman A, Ozkinay F, Aydınok Y, Vergin C, The effect of HFE polymorphisms on cardiac iron overload in patients with beta-thalassemia major., Pediatr Hematol Oncol , 30(8), 755-60, 2013
13. Enein AA, El Dessouky NA, Mohamed KS, Botros SK, Abd El Gawad MF, Hamdy M, Dyaa N, Frequency of Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HFE) Gene Mutations in Egyptian Beta Thalassemia Patients and its Relation to Iron Overload., Open Access Maced J Med Sci , 4(2), 226-31, 2016
14. Nadkarni AH, Singh AA, Colaco S, Hariharan P, Colah RB, Ghosh K, Effect of the Hemochromatosis Mutations on Iron Overload among the Indian β Thalassemia Carriers., J. Clin. Lab. Anal., 31(3), , 2017
15. Fekri K, Asle Rasouli N, Tavallai Zavareh SA, Jalil M, Moradi F, Hosseinpour M, Teimori H, Hepcidin and Polymorphisms and Ferritin Level in β-Thalassemia Major., Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res, 13(1), 42-48, 2019
16. Rahmani R, Naseri P, Safaroghli-Azar A, Tarighi S, Hosseini T, Hojjati MT, Investigation of correlation between H63D and C282Y mutations in HFE gene and serum Ferritin level in beta-thalassemia major patients., Transfus Clin Biol, 26(4), 249-252, 2019